ISE12/20-21
| 主题: | 人力事务、政制事务、人权、年龄歧视法 |
香港防止年龄歧视的近期政策发展
图1 - 1999年至2019年期间的香港年长人口的劳动参与率

新西兰的年龄歧视法
| (a) | 保障范围︰新西兰的年龄歧视法保障所有16岁或以上的雇员。有关法例提供4个主要保障范围,即(i)拒绝聘用申请人;(ii)给予较差的聘用条件;(iii)拒绝提供培训及晋升机会;及(iv)终止合约或迫使退休。现时,向求职人士查问其年龄亦属非法行为;
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| (b) | 由两个公共机构处理歧视投诉︰有别其他先进地区的年龄歧视法,新西兰的年龄歧视法采取以磋商为本的温和做法。当年长雇员无法与雇主在任职机构內部解决由歧视行为引起的纠纷时,可以向两个公共机构其中一个投诉,即"人权委员会"和"新西兰雇佣局"。一般而言,这两个机构会在15个工作日內决定是否接受有关投诉;
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| (c) | 雇佣双方的调解︰在接受歧视投诉之后,人权委员会或新西兰雇佣局将为雇主与雇员提供免费调解服务,务求尽早解决纠纷。为使双方能坦诚讨论,调解过程所得资料会被保密,不能在其后的诉讼中用作证据。如果双方达成的协议获得认证,有关协定可在法院执行;
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| (d) | 就持续的分歧采取跟进法律行动︰如果经过调解之后仍未能解决纠纷,年长雇员可以将其投诉个案交由两个法律机构(即"人权覆核审裁处"及"雇佣关系局")寻求和解。年长雇员可申请免费的法律代表;
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| (e) | 法律爭议和解下的赔偿补救︰这两个法律机构有权就歧视行为下令要求作出补救(如禁制令、金钱补偿或复职)。须予注意的是,这些补救措施均属赔偿及矫正性质,而非惩罚性做法或刑事制裁;及
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| (f) | 豁免生产力因素相关的年龄歧视︰年龄歧视法明确订定,当年龄因为安全及其他合理理由而成为一项"确实的职业资格"时,该法便不适用。例如,年龄歧视法容许给予20岁以下雇员较低的薪酬。 |
结语
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
林升阳
2021年1月5日
| 香港
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| 1. | Chan, A. (2013) A Study on the Preferences and Feasibility of Optional Retirement in Hong Kong: A Human Resources Management Perspective.
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| 2. | Education and Manpower Branch. (1996) Paper for LegCo Manpower Panel Equal Opportunities: Discrimination in Employment on the Ground of Age.
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| 3. | Egdell, V. et al. (2017) The Impact of an Ageing Workforce on Employers in Hong Kong: A Study of the Service Sector.
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| 4. | Equal Opportunities Commission. (2014) Study on Discrimination in the Hong Kong Workplace.
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| 5. | Equal Opportunities Commission. (2016) Exploratory Study on Age Discrimination in Employment.
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| 6. | Equal Opportunities Commission. (2019) Equal Opportunities Commission Strategic Plan 2020 - 2022.
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| 7. | GovHK. (2018) LCQ11: Support for people aged between 60 and 64.
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| 8. | GovHK. (2019) LCQ9: Assisting persons aged between 60 and 64 in securing employment.
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| 9. | Hugill & Ip Solicitors (2019) Discrimination in the Workplace.
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| 10. | Labour and Welfare Bureau. (2019) Report on Manpower Projection to 2027.
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| 11. | Labour Department. (2006) Practical Guidelines for Employers on Eliminating Age Discrimination in Employment.
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| 12. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (1996) Implementation of Legislative Provisions to Deal with Age Discrimination in Employment in New South Wales, Australia and New Zealand.
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| 13. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (2019) Motion on "Supporting elderly persons aged between 60 and 64 on all fronts" moved by Hon KWOK Wai-keung at the Council meeting of 29 May 2019.
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| 14. | Youth I.D.E.A.S. (2018) Encouraging Young-Olds Employment.
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| 15. | Zou, M. (2015) The Coming of Age: Mandatory Retirement and Age Discrimination Law.
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| 16. | 《林正财:立法禁年龄歧视可考虑》,《明报》,2019年2月18日。
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| 17. | 《职场年龄歧视 50岁后搵工难 学者倡效外国 渐进式退休助就业》,《经济日报》,2017年4月26日。
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| 18. | 香港政府一站通(2016年3月18日):政制及內地事务局局长及平机会主席遴选委员会会见传媒发言內容(二)。
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| 19. | 陈章明(2019年2月25日):迎接挑战:香港劳动人口与社会老化,《商界展关怀》。
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| 新西兰
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| 20. | Backham, A. (2018) Recent Developments in Australian and New Zealand Age Discrimination Law: A Comparative Perspective.
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| 21. | Davey, J. (2014) Age Discrimination in the Workplace.
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| 22. | Harcourt, M. et al. (2010) The Effects of Anti-age Discrimination Legislation: A Comparative Analysis.
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| 23. | Khawaja, M. and Boddington, B. (2009) Too Early to Retire? Growing Participation of Older New Zealanders in the Labour Force.
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| 24. | McGregor, J. et al. (2002) Stereotypes and older workers: The New Zealand experience.
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| 25. | New Zealand Human Rights Commission. (2019) Annual Report 2018/19.
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| 26. | New Zealand Prime Ministerial Task Force on Employment. (1994) Focus on Employment: The Government's Response to the Employment Task Force and the Multi-Party Group Memorandum of Understanding.
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| 27. | Stats NZ. (2019) Labour market statistics (working life): December 2018 quarter.
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| 其他
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| 28. | International Labour Organization. (2006) Conditions of work and employment for older workers in industrialized countries: Understanding the issues.
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| 29. | International Labour Organization. (2008) Age discrimination and older workers: Theory and legislation in comparative context.
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| 30. | Lewis Silkin LLP. (2020) Age Discrimination Info: International Age Discrimination.
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| 31. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019) Ageing and Employment Policies: Working Better with Age.
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| 32. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020) OECD Labour Force Statistics 2020.
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